Plant breeding

Author: e | 2025-04-24

Introduction to Plant Breeding Introduction to Plant Breeding . HCS 625. Outline :. What is plant breeding? Human population growth, agricultural production, and environmental impacts. Success of plant breeding. A crisis in plant breeding. Is conventional breeding obsolete? The Future of plant breeding . Sources: 1.31k views 29 slides Introduction to Plant Breeding . HCS 625. Outline :. What is plant breeding? Human population growth, agricultural production, and environmental impacts. Success of plant breeding. A crisis in plant breeding. Is conventional breeding obsolete? The Future of plant breeding . Sources: Slideshow

Conventional Plant Breeding to Modern Plant Breeding

Monohybrid InheritanceMonohybrid inheritance is the inheritance of characteristics controlled by a single geneIt can be investigated using a genetic diagram known as a Punnett squareA Punnett square diagram shows the possible combinations of alleles that could be produced in the offspringFrom this, the ratio of these combinations can be worked outRemember the dominant allele is shown using a capital letter and the recessive allele is shown using the same letter but lower casePea plantsPea plants were used by the scientist Mendel to investigate monohybrid inheritanceThe height of pea plants is controlled by a single gene that has two alleles: tall and shortThe tall allele is dominant and is shown as TThe small allele is recessive and is shown as tA pure breeding short plant is bred with a pure breeding tall plantThe term ‘pure breeding’ indicates that the individual is homozygous for that characteristicA pure-breeding genetic cross in pea plants. It shows that all offspring will have the tall phenotype.Crossing the offspring from the first crossA genetic cross diagram (F2 generation). It shows a ratio of 3 tall : 1 short for any offspring.All of the offspring of the first cross have the same genotype, Tt (heterozygous), so the possible combinations of offspring bred from these are: TT (tall), Tt (tall), tt (short)There is more variation in the second cross, with a 3:1 ratio of tall : shortThe F2 generation is produced when the offspring of the F1 generation (pure-breeding parents) are allowed to interbreedCrossing a heterozygous plant with a short plantThe heterozygous plant will be tall with the genotype TtThe short plant is showing the recessive phenotype and so must be homozygous recessive – ttThe results of this cross are as follows:A cross between a heterozygous plant with a short plantHow to construct Punnett squaresDetermine the parental genotypesSelect a letter that has a clearly different lower case, for example, Aa, Bb, DdSplit the alleles for each parent and add them to the Punnett square around the outsideFill in the middle four squares of the Punnett square to work out the possible genetic combinations in the offspringYou may be asked to comment on the ratio of different allele combinations in the offspring, calculate percentage chances of offspring showing a specific characteristic or to determine the phenotypes of the offspringCompleting a Punnett square allows you to predict the probability of different outcomes from monohybrid crossesCalculating probabilities from Punnett squaresA Punnett square diagram shows the possible combinations of alleles that could be produced in the offspringFrom this, the ratio of these combinations can be worked outHowever, you can also make predictions of the offsprings’ characteristics by calculating the probabilities of the different phenotypes that could occurFor example, in the second genetic cross

Conventional Plant Breeding to Modern Plant Breeding: Evolution

Parental lines of 16 mapping populations in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). BMC Plant Biol 16(1):53–64 Google Scholar Thudi M, Palakurthi R, Schnable JC, Chitikineni A, Dreisigacker S, Mace E, Srivastava RK, Satyavathi CT, Odeny D, Tiwari VK, Lam HM (2020) Genomic resources in plant breeding for sustainable agriculture. J Plant Physiol 257(1):e153351 Google Scholar Thudi M, Samineni S, Li W, Boer MP, Roorkiwal M, Yang Z, Ladejobi F, Zheng C, Chitikineni A, Nayak S, He Z, Valluri V, Bajaj P, Khan AW, Gaur PM, van Eeuwijk F, Mott R, Xin L, Varshney RK (2023) Whole genome resequencing and phenotyping of MAGIC population for high resolution mapping of drought tolerance in chickpea. Plant Genome 30:e20333. CAS Google Scholar Toda Y, Tameshige T, Tomiyama M, Kinoshita T, Shimizu KK (2021) An affordable image-analysis platform to accelerate stomatal phenotyping during microscopic observation. Front Plant Sci 12:715309Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Tom N, Tom O, Malcikova J, Pavlova S, Kubesova B, Rausch T, Kolarik M, Benes V, Bystry V, Pospisilova S (2018) ToTem: a tool for variant calling pipeline optimization. BMC Bioinform 19(1):1–9Article Google Scholar Utz HF, Melchinger AE (1996) PLABQTL: a program for composite interval mapping of QTL. J Quant Trait Loci 2(1):1–5 Google Scholar van Dijk ADJ, Kootstra G, Kruijer W, de Ridder D (2021b) Machine learning in plant science and plant breeding. iScience 24(1):101890Article PubMed Google Scholar van Dijk M, Morley T, Rau ML, Saghai Y (2021a) A meta-analysis of projected global food demand and population at risk of hunger for the period 2010–2050. Nat Food 2(7):494–501Article PubMed Google Scholar Van Ooijen JW, Maliepaard CA (1999) MapQTL: version 3.0: Software for the calculation of QTL positions on genetic maps Google Scholar Varshney RK, Bohra A, Yu J, Graner A, Zhang Q, Sorrells ME (2021a) Designing future crops: genomics-assisted breeding comes of age. Trends Plant Sci 26(6):631–649 Google Scholar Varshney RK, Roorkiwal M, Sun S, Bajaj P, Chitikineni A, Thudi M, Singh NP, Du X, Upadhyaya HD, Khan AW, Wang Y (2021b) A chickpea genetic variation map based on the sequencing of 3,366 genomes. Nat 599(7886):622–627Article CAS Google Scholar Varshney RK,

Plant Breeding Basics – Quantitative Genetics for Plant Breeding

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Plant Breeding Basics Quantitative Genetics for Plant Breeding

Of the cell nucleus marked an important milestone in our understanding of cell biology and laid the groundwork for further research on cellular structures and functions.Additionally, Brown made significant contributions to the taxonomy and classification of plants. He collected and described numerous plant species from various parts of the world, including Australia, Africa, and South America. His collections formed the basis for many botanical studies and are still valuable resources today.8. Luther BurbankLuther Burbank (1849-1926) was an American horticulturist, botanist, and plant breeder known for his extensive work in plant breeding and the development of new plant varieties. He made significant contributions to agricultural science and played a crucial role in improving crop plants.Born on March 7, 1849, in Lancaster, Massachusetts, Burbank exhibited an early interest in plants and gardening. He conducted numerous experiments and crossbreeding projects to create new plant varieties with desired traits.Burbank’s work focused on enhancing crop productivity, disease resistance, and the overall quality of plants. He conducted thousands of experiments and introduced over 800 new plant varieties throughout his career. Some of his notable creations include the Burbank potato, the Shasta daisy, and the Santa Rosa plum.One of Burbank’s significant achievements was his development of improved fruit and vegetable varieties. He sought to create plants that were more flavorful, disease-resistant, and adaptable to various environmental conditions. Burbank’s innovations in plant breeding allowed for the production of superior crops and significantly impacted agriculture.Beyond his work with fruits and vegetables, Burbank also worked on ornamental plants, developing new flower varieties appreciated for their beauty and resilience. His efforts in hybridizing and improving flowers contributed to the diversity and aesthetics of garden plant collections.9. David BellamyDavid Bellamy (1933-2019) was a prominent British environmentalist, conservationist, and broadcaster. He dedicated his life to raising awareness about environmental issues and advocating for

Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Breeding

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Plant Breeding B.D.singh

Axolotl ReproductionHow does the Axolotl produce its young?Breeding takes place in their larval form. The breeding season is from March to June in the wild though breeding can occur year round in captivity.Males and females engage in a courtship display in which they rub and slide against one another while spinning in a circle. At the conclusion of this the male will drop a cone shaped mass that includes the sperm.The female takes this in her cloaca and uses it to fertilize her eggs. There may be 300-1,000 eggs. Each egg is laid individually on to a plant or rock. Each egg has a protective jelly coating. This method prevents the entire egg mass being taken by a predator and is also needed due to the higher oxygen requirement of each egg.Incubation is two weeks long. After hatching the young axolotls are on their own with no parental care provided.Sexual maturity is reached at 6 months old.Axolotl BehaviourWhat does the Axolotl do during its day?While they do posses gills they also have well developed lungs and will occasionally come to the surface to breathe. If they spend a long period of time in shallow water they may absorb their gills and begin to breathe entirely using their lungs.They are solitary and spend most of their day alone.Most of their life is spent in the larval form though if injected with a hormone in captivity they will metamorphose in to their adult form.Axolotls are primarily active by night. During the day. Introduction to Plant Breeding Introduction to Plant Breeding . HCS 625. Outline :. What is plant breeding? Human population growth, agricultural production, and environmental impacts. Success of plant breeding. A crisis in plant breeding. Is conventional breeding obsolete? The Future of plant breeding . Sources: 1.31k views 29 slides Introduction to Plant Breeding . HCS 625. Outline :. What is plant breeding? Human population growth, agricultural production, and environmental impacts. Success of plant breeding. A crisis in plant breeding. Is conventional breeding obsolete? The Future of plant breeding . Sources: Slideshow