Implied volatility options calculator

Author: m | 2025-04-25

★★★★☆ (4.3 / 1771 reviews)

typeme fast typing tutor

The Implied Volatility Calculator calculates the implied volatility for each option in an option chain (option series). Calculating implied volatility (IV) simultaneously for all options in a given series The volatility calculated generally overstates the implied volatility. Thus, if the volatility calculated is of 20%, the implied volatility of the option will be at the most 20%. The implied volatility can

removing mpc cleaner

Implied Volatility Calculator - Option Price

Black-Scholes Implied Volatility Calculator Black-Scholes Implied Volatility Calculator Spot Price (S) Strike Price (K) Time to Maturity (Years, T) Risk-Free Rate (%, r) Market Option Price (C) Black-Scholes Implied Volatility Calculator: Uncover Market InsightsWelcome to the Black-Scholes Implied Volatility Calculator, a powerful tool designed for traders, investors, and financial analysts to determine the implied volatility of options. Understanding implied volatility is crucial for assessing market expectations and making informed investment decisions.What is Implied Volatility?Implied volatility (IV) represents the market’s forecast of a likely movement in an asset’s price. It is derived from the Black-Scholes options pricing model, which helps investors gauge how much the market expects the asset’s price to fluctuate over a specified period. Higher implied volatility indicates greater uncertainty or risk associated with the asset, while lower implied volatility suggests more stability.Why Use the Black-Scholes Implied Volatility Calculator?The Black-Scholes Implied Volatility Calculator serves several vital functions:Evaluate Market Sentiment: By analyzing implied volatility, investors can understand the market’s expectations regarding price movements and potential risks.Optimize Trading Strategies: Use implied volatility to enhance your options trading strategies, helping you decide when to enter or exit positions based on market conditions.Risk Management: Assessing implied volatility aids in risk assessment, allowing traders to make more informed decisions to protect their investments.Pricing Accuracy: Calculate implied volatility to determine whether options are over- or under-priced in the market.How to Use the Black-Scholes Implied Volatility CalculatorUsing our Black-Scholes Implied Volatility Calculator is straightforward:Spot Price (S):Enter the current market price of the underlying asset (e.g., stock

merge kingdom

Calculate Option Implied Volatility In Python

Or commodity).Strike Price (K):Input the option’s strike price, which is the price at which the option can be exercised.Time to Maturity (Years, T):Specify the time remaining until the option expires, expressed in years.Risk-Free Rate (%, r):Enter the risk-free interest rate, which is typically the yield on government securities.Market Option Price (C):Input the current market price of the option you wish to analyze.After filling in these fields, simply click the “Calculate Implied Volatility” button to obtain your results.Understanding Your ResultsUpon clicking calculate, the Black-Scholes Implied Volatility Calculator will display:Implied Volatility: This percentage represents the market’s expected future volatility of the underlying asset, based on the option’s market price.Leverage Market Insights with the Black-Scholes Implied Volatility CalculatorOur Black-Scholes Implied Volatility Calculator empowers you to decode market expectations and assess the risk of your investments accurately. By calculating implied volatility, you can make well-informed trading decisions, enhance your risk management strategies, and optimize your options trading approach.Start Calculating Now!Don’t leave your investment strategies to chance. Use our Black-Scholes Implied Volatility Calculator to uncover valuable insights into market behavior and volatility. Equip yourself with the tools to make informed financial decisions and enhance your trading success today! Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) The Black-Scholes Implied Volatility Calculator helps users calculate the implied volatility of an option based on the Black-Scholes pricing model, considering various input parameters. You need to enter the spot price (S), strike price (K), time to maturity (T in years), risk-free rate (r in %), and the market option price (C). Implied

Calculation of Implied volatility for options - GitHub

Option ($9 vs $5). Moreover, the deep in the money call option has a lower breakeven point ($100 vs $105), which means it is more likely to be profitable at expiration.- Lower theta: Theta is a measure of how much the option price decreases over time due to the erosion of time value. Theta is always negative for option buyers, as they lose money as time passes. The closer the option is to expiration, the faster the theta decay. Deep in the money call options have a lower theta than at the money or out of the money call options, which means they lose less value over time. This is because deep in the money call options have a higher intrinsic value (the difference between the underlying asset price and the strike price) and a lower extrinsic value (the premium paid for the option above its intrinsic value). Theta mainly affects the extrinsic value of the option, which is minimal for deep in the money call options. For example, if the stock of XYZ is trading at $100, a deep in the money call option with a strike price of $50 and a theta of -0.01 will lose $0.01 per day due to time decay. An at the money call option with a strike price of $100 and a theta of -0.1 will lose $0.1 per day due to time decay. Over a period of 30 days, the deep in the money call option will lose $0.3 in value, while the at the money call option will lose $3 in value. This means the deep in the money call option buyer can hold the option longer without worrying too much about the time decay.- Lower implied volatility: Implied volatility is a measure of how much the market expects the underlying asset price to fluctuate in the future. implied volatility affects the option price, as higher implied volatility means higher uncertainty and higher risk. Option buyers pay a higher premium for options with higher implied volatility, as they have a higher chance of making a profit. However, implied volatility can also change over time, depending on the market conditions and the supply and demand of the options. If implied volatility decreases, the option price will also decrease, which is bad for option buyers. Deep in the money call options have a lower implied volatility than at the money or out of the money call options, which means they are less sensitive to changes in implied volatility. This is because deep in the money call options have a lower vega (a measure of how much the option price changes in response to a change in implied volatility). For example, if the stock. The Implied Volatility Calculator calculates the implied volatility for each option in an option chain (option series). Calculating implied volatility (IV) simultaneously for all options in a given series

Free Option Calculator - With Implied Volatility Calculation

To learn more about options, check out this module on Varsity.The FrameworkIn this three part series, we introduced the Option Greeks in the first post. In the second post, we discussed the practical Application of Option Greeks with respect to options trading.In this concluding post, we will understand the usage of an option calculator. An option calculator is a tool which helps you calculate the Greeks, i.e., the delta, gamma, theta, vega, and rho of an option. Along with the calculation of the option Greeks, the option calculator can also be used to calculate the theoretical price of an option (also called fair value of an option’s premium) and the implied volatility of the underlying.The option calculator uses a mathematical formula called the Black-Scholes options pricing formula, also popularly called the ‘Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model’. This is probably the most revered valuation model in Economics, so much so that its publishers (Robert C. Metron and Myron Scholes) received a Nobel Prize in Economics in 1997.Briefly, the framework for the pricing model works like this:We feed the model with a bunch of inputsInputs include: Spot price, Interest rate, Dividend, and the number of days to expiry. Along with these mandatory inputs, we also input either the price of the option or the implied volatility of the underlying, but not both.The pricing model churns out the required mathematical calculation and gives a bunch of outputsThe output gives us the value of Option Greeks. Along with the Option Greeks, we also get one of the following:The Implied volatility of the underlying, provided one of the input is the option price orThe theoretical value of option’s premium, provided the input is the implied volatility of the underlyingThe illustration below gives the schema of a typical options calculator:Let us inspect the input side:Spot Price – This is the price at which the underlying is trading. Note, we can even replace the spot price by the futures price. We use the futures price when the option contract is based on futures as its underlying. Usually, commodity and in some cases currency options are based on futures. For equity option contacts, always use the spot price.Interest Rate – This is the risk-free rate prevailing in the economy. Use the RBI 91 day Treasury bill rate for this purpose. As of September 2014, the prevailing rate is 8.6038% per annum.Dividend – This is the dividend expected per share

Black-Scholes Implied Volatility Options Calculator

When it comes to options trading, precision is key. An options calculator is an essential tool that helps traders assess potential profits, losses, and risks before entering a trade. By inputting variables like strike price, expiration date, implied volatility, and interest rates, traders can estimate an option's theoretical value and determine whether a trade aligns with their trading strategy.How an Options Calculator Works?Options calculators use complex mathematical models like the Black-Scholes Model or the Binomial Pricing Model to evaluate option pricing. These models consider factors such as time decay, volatility, and interest rates to provide traders with an accurate picture of potential market movements.Why Every Trader Needs an Options Calculator?Risk Management – By analyzing potential losses and gains, traders can adjust their trading strategy accordingly.Profit Estimation – Knowing the expected value of an option before trading helps traders make informed decisions.Strategy Optimization – Whether you are using a covered call, straddle, or iron condor, an options calculator can refine your approach.Using an options calculator isn't just about crunching numbers—it’s about refining your trading strategy for maximum profitability.

Implied Volatility calculation for American Option - search.r

A volatility crush is the term used to describe the result of implied volatility exploding once the market opens higher or lower than where it closed the previous day. For new investors, implied volatility almost always seems to rise after a stock moves in either direction. It is not that unusual for this spike in volatility to occur even when there is a small movement in the stock price. What happens next is known as a “volatility crush” as the option moves through its cycle and back towards the price of the stock.There are many different aspects of a volatility crush to be aware of as an options trader. Among the most important terms is implied volatility, which occurs in anticipation of a major percentage move. Implied volatility will often decline just before the move happens, setting up long options bets for a profit.This article discusses implied volatility and volatility crush, as well as several easy ways to benefit from both.What is implied volatility, and how does it impact options pricing? Pricing options is a complex science involving the strike price, length of expiry data, stock price, and the expected volatility in price over time. You will find more expensive options when you compare strike price to the current price (or ask to buy) and find a larger difference. Combined with the rapid increase and decrease of the demand in the market, you are creating implied volatility that options traders expect.Implied volatility is essential to understanding the pricing of any stock or option. Understanding the curve of demand, especially leading up to earnings or big announcements, can be the difference between profiting during a volatility crush and losing your bank.What is a volatility crush?A fast, sharp drop in implied volatility will create a volatility crush in the value of an option. This often happens after a major event for the stock, like financial reports, regulatory decisions, new product launches, or quarterly earnings announcements. Many traders have their eye on the volatility crush – an options trading strategy that uses both puts and calls to profit from an expected dip in

HOW TO CALCULATE IMPLIED VOLATILITY FROM OPTIONS

9th, 2017, the $140 put has a delta of -0.5354 and is trading at $3.40.A $1 move up in AAPL will see the $140 put decline to $2.86.I can honestly say, I’ve never once calculated an options delta manually. There are so many tools out there these days that there really is no need to know how the Black Scholes model works.By all means, dig in to it if you’re a bit of a math geek, but it’s not essential knowledge for successful option trading.I have an excel calculator that you can download below if you like. Just plug in the underlying price, the strike price, risk free rate, implied volatility level, dividend yield and time to expiry and you will get the value of the option as well as all the greek values.The 3 most important factors when calculating an options delta are the underlying price, the strike price and the time to expiry.An important concept to understand is that as expiration approaches, the delta of out-of-the-money options will rapidly approach zero.Less time to expiry, means less chance those out-of-the-money options will end up in the money. Therefore, they have a lower delta.This is illustrated in the image below:I won’t delve into too much detail on gamma in this article, but it’s important to know that delta and gamma are closely related.Gamma measures how much the delta will change given a $1 move in the underlying.If delta is the “speed” at which option prices change, you can think of gamma as the “acceleration.”You can learn more about gamma here.An option with a gamma of +0.05 will see its delta increase by 0.05 for every $1 move in the underlying.Option delta can change when implied volatility changes.Changes in implied volatility will affect out-of-the-money and in-the-money options more than the at-the-money options.If a stock is trading at $50 and has implied volatility of 15%, a 6 month $60 call option might have a delta of 0.07.Volatility is low, so traders are not expecting big moves in the stock.Now, assume implied volatility rises to 50%. Suddenly, traders ARE expecting a big move. The Implied Volatility Calculator calculates the implied volatility for each option in an option chain (option series). Calculating implied volatility (IV) simultaneously for all options in a given series The volatility calculated generally overstates the implied volatility. Thus, if the volatility calculated is of 20%, the implied volatility of the option will be at the most 20%. The implied volatility can

who dies in stranger things season 4

options - A simple formula for calculating implied volatility

In the stock, provided the stock goes ex-dividend within the expiry period. For example, today is September 11 and you wish to calculate the option Greeks for the ICICI Bank option contract. Assume ICICI Bank is going ex-dividend on September 18 with a dividend of Rs. 4. The expiry for September series is September 25. In this situation you need to give an input of Rs. 4.Number of days to expiry – This the number of calendar days left to expiry.Volatility – This is where it gets a little confusing, so I suggest you pay extra attention. As mentioned earlier, along with option Greeks you can use the option calculator to calculate either the implied volatility of the underlying or the theoretical option price but not both at the same timeIf you wish to calculate the theoretical option price as one of the desired outputs, then volatility has to be one of the inputs. For Nifty option contracts, use the India VIX index value. Alternatively, if you have a view on volatility from today to expiry, you can input that as well. You can do the same thing for stocks.Option Price, also called the ‘Actual Market Value’ – If you wish to calculate the implied volatility of the underlying you need to input actual market value data. The actual market data is simply the price at which the option is trading in the market.Once these inputs are fed to Black-Scholes option pricing model, the model churns out the math to give us the required output. The logic on which Black-Scholes model works is quant heavy involving concepts of stochastic calculus. For a quick introduction on the working of a Black-Scholes model, I’d encourage you to watch this video.We get the following values on the output side:DeltaGammaThetaVegaRhoAlong with the Greeks, the output includes either the implied volatility of the underlying or the theoretical option price.Option Calculator on Zerodha Trader (ZT)Keeping the above framework in perspective, let us explore the Option Calculator on Zerodha Trader (ZT). To invoke the option calculator, click Tools –> Option Calculator as shown below. Or you can simply place your cursor on an option scrip and use the shortcut key Shift+O.This is how the calculator appears on the terminal:The calculator can be broken down into three sections as shown in the image below:The top section highlighted in blue is used to select the option contract, this is

Implied Volatility: How to Calculate IV for Options

Moved Nifty, Bank Nifty and FinNifty the most •Intraday Movers- View Intraday Bullish & Bearish Movements in Options Trading•FnO News- Quickly identify what to analyse for your next trade via unusual activities•Synopsis- Track the market movers in the FnO segment•Built-up Scrip & Sector-wise Long, Long unwinding, Short & Short covering built up data•Stop & Target- Assists you in setting the optimum Target and Stop Loss on intraday trades•FnO Scanner- Identify the most active Futures & Options contracts calculated based on OI, price & IV•India VIX- Observe the historical data of Nifty v/s India VIX•SGX Nifty- Track the SGX Nifty IndexPositional Trading Tools•Gainer Loser- Know NSE top gainers and losers for a defined interval•Manager- Place paper trades & set Mark to Market Target & Stop loss alerts•Architect- Build a Payoff Chart of your custom Option Strategy, analyse Break Even Points & much more•Implied Volatility (IV) - IV, IVR, IVP, HV, Vol Skew, Future Realized Volatility•Put Call Ratio (PCR) - Analyse Nifty, Bank Nifty & stock wise Put-Call Ratio•Trap Indicator- Directional Indications based on Option Writing data•Advance Decline- Find out the market strength using Net advance decline •Comparative analysis- Compare price, OI & IV of various FnO Scrips from custom lookback period•Price OI PercentileEssential Trading Tools•Option Calculator- Calculate Implied Volatility and Forecast Option Premium•Ban List- Keep a close watch on Entrants, Exits & Scrips in BAN & MWPL for F & O stocks for free•Deals & Holdings- Get script wise FnO Holdings for highest clients, Track Bulk & Block Deals over NSE•Market News – Be on top of stock market news of all F & O traded stocksThe app's usage of Remote Assist is only to provide demo / support via. a live representative, and does not collect or send any information.. The Implied Volatility Calculator calculates the implied volatility for each option in an option chain (option series). Calculating implied volatility (IV) simultaneously for all options in a given series The volatility calculated generally overstates the implied volatility. Thus, if the volatility calculated is of 20%, the implied volatility of the option will be at the most 20%. The implied volatility can

Implied Volatility calculation for European Option - search.r

Implied volatility. It is often based on the idea of an earnings announcement, and more specifically, a stock’s implied volatility in the middle weeks before earnings.For instance, in these instances, the market makers price into options (via implied volatility) substantial price action ahead of the event. This is why it is essential to understand implied volatility levels prior to initiating a trade. If volatility is higher entering a major event, it will be more expensive to buy stock options. After the event, the price of the stock didn’t rise as much as the analysts expected, or the stock price actually went down. While, even when the price of the stock goes up, the uncertainty of price point resistance and other factors decreases the premium on the option. Therefore, the option price drops, and even though the stock may be rising, the option is not. The disconnect between the stock movement and implied volatility crushes the options market and leaves you, the trader, with a losing trade even though the stock could be increasing. Another instance is during a significant downside movement on the Market Volatility Index (VIX), typically a macro-level development in the market overall. A significant plunge in VIX is a trigger for traders that implied volatility is higher than historical volatility, and the resulting volatility crush is going to take your profits or turn modest winners into losers, not to mention a horrible entry.What is an example of volatility related to earnings?Here are two examples of how to understand volatility in the market:You have AAPL at a share price of $100 the day before earnings, with a straddle price at $2 one day before expiration (market expectation of 2% move on earnings day or $2.00/$100 = 2%). You have TSLA share price of $100 the day before earnings, with a straddle price of $15 one day before expiration (market expectation of 15% move on earnings or $15/$100 = 20%).It doesn’t take an experienced veteran to see the difference between the market expectations for earning in these two examples. What does this mean to an options trader? Trading on

Comments

User3535

Black-Scholes Implied Volatility Calculator Black-Scholes Implied Volatility Calculator Spot Price (S) Strike Price (K) Time to Maturity (Years, T) Risk-Free Rate (%, r) Market Option Price (C) Black-Scholes Implied Volatility Calculator: Uncover Market InsightsWelcome to the Black-Scholes Implied Volatility Calculator, a powerful tool designed for traders, investors, and financial analysts to determine the implied volatility of options. Understanding implied volatility is crucial for assessing market expectations and making informed investment decisions.What is Implied Volatility?Implied volatility (IV) represents the market’s forecast of a likely movement in an asset’s price. It is derived from the Black-Scholes options pricing model, which helps investors gauge how much the market expects the asset’s price to fluctuate over a specified period. Higher implied volatility indicates greater uncertainty or risk associated with the asset, while lower implied volatility suggests more stability.Why Use the Black-Scholes Implied Volatility Calculator?The Black-Scholes Implied Volatility Calculator serves several vital functions:Evaluate Market Sentiment: By analyzing implied volatility, investors can understand the market’s expectations regarding price movements and potential risks.Optimize Trading Strategies: Use implied volatility to enhance your options trading strategies, helping you decide when to enter or exit positions based on market conditions.Risk Management: Assessing implied volatility aids in risk assessment, allowing traders to make more informed decisions to protect their investments.Pricing Accuracy: Calculate implied volatility to determine whether options are over- or under-priced in the market.How to Use the Black-Scholes Implied Volatility CalculatorUsing our Black-Scholes Implied Volatility Calculator is straightforward:Spot Price (S):Enter the current market price of the underlying asset (e.g., stock

2025-04-19
User6420

Or commodity).Strike Price (K):Input the option’s strike price, which is the price at which the option can be exercised.Time to Maturity (Years, T):Specify the time remaining until the option expires, expressed in years.Risk-Free Rate (%, r):Enter the risk-free interest rate, which is typically the yield on government securities.Market Option Price (C):Input the current market price of the option you wish to analyze.After filling in these fields, simply click the “Calculate Implied Volatility” button to obtain your results.Understanding Your ResultsUpon clicking calculate, the Black-Scholes Implied Volatility Calculator will display:Implied Volatility: This percentage represents the market’s expected future volatility of the underlying asset, based on the option’s market price.Leverage Market Insights with the Black-Scholes Implied Volatility CalculatorOur Black-Scholes Implied Volatility Calculator empowers you to decode market expectations and assess the risk of your investments accurately. By calculating implied volatility, you can make well-informed trading decisions, enhance your risk management strategies, and optimize your options trading approach.Start Calculating Now!Don’t leave your investment strategies to chance. Use our Black-Scholes Implied Volatility Calculator to uncover valuable insights into market behavior and volatility. Equip yourself with the tools to make informed financial decisions and enhance your trading success today! Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) The Black-Scholes Implied Volatility Calculator helps users calculate the implied volatility of an option based on the Black-Scholes pricing model, considering various input parameters. You need to enter the spot price (S), strike price (K), time to maturity (T in years), risk-free rate (r in %), and the market option price (C). Implied

2025-03-31
User5992

To learn more about options, check out this module on Varsity.The FrameworkIn this three part series, we introduced the Option Greeks in the first post. In the second post, we discussed the practical Application of Option Greeks with respect to options trading.In this concluding post, we will understand the usage of an option calculator. An option calculator is a tool which helps you calculate the Greeks, i.e., the delta, gamma, theta, vega, and rho of an option. Along with the calculation of the option Greeks, the option calculator can also be used to calculate the theoretical price of an option (also called fair value of an option’s premium) and the implied volatility of the underlying.The option calculator uses a mathematical formula called the Black-Scholes options pricing formula, also popularly called the ‘Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model’. This is probably the most revered valuation model in Economics, so much so that its publishers (Robert C. Metron and Myron Scholes) received a Nobel Prize in Economics in 1997.Briefly, the framework for the pricing model works like this:We feed the model with a bunch of inputsInputs include: Spot price, Interest rate, Dividend, and the number of days to expiry. Along with these mandatory inputs, we also input either the price of the option or the implied volatility of the underlying, but not both.The pricing model churns out the required mathematical calculation and gives a bunch of outputsThe output gives us the value of Option Greeks. Along with the Option Greeks, we also get one of the following:The Implied volatility of the underlying, provided one of the input is the option price orThe theoretical value of option’s premium, provided the input is the implied volatility of the underlyingThe illustration below gives the schema of a typical options calculator:Let us inspect the input side:Spot Price – This is the price at which the underlying is trading. Note, we can even replace the spot price by the futures price. We use the futures price when the option contract is based on futures as its underlying. Usually, commodity and in some cases currency options are based on futures. For equity option contacts, always use the spot price.Interest Rate – This is the risk-free rate prevailing in the economy. Use the RBI 91 day Treasury bill rate for this purpose. As of September 2014, the prevailing rate is 8.6038% per annum.Dividend – This is the dividend expected per share

2025-04-20
User1450

When it comes to options trading, precision is key. An options calculator is an essential tool that helps traders assess potential profits, losses, and risks before entering a trade. By inputting variables like strike price, expiration date, implied volatility, and interest rates, traders can estimate an option's theoretical value and determine whether a trade aligns with their trading strategy.How an Options Calculator Works?Options calculators use complex mathematical models like the Black-Scholes Model or the Binomial Pricing Model to evaluate option pricing. These models consider factors such as time decay, volatility, and interest rates to provide traders with an accurate picture of potential market movements.Why Every Trader Needs an Options Calculator?Risk Management – By analyzing potential losses and gains, traders can adjust their trading strategy accordingly.Profit Estimation – Knowing the expected value of an option before trading helps traders make informed decisions.Strategy Optimization – Whether you are using a covered call, straddle, or iron condor, an options calculator can refine your approach.Using an options calculator isn't just about crunching numbers—it’s about refining your trading strategy for maximum profitability.

2025-04-02
User9059

9th, 2017, the $140 put has a delta of -0.5354 and is trading at $3.40.A $1 move up in AAPL will see the $140 put decline to $2.86.I can honestly say, I’ve never once calculated an options delta manually. There are so many tools out there these days that there really is no need to know how the Black Scholes model works.By all means, dig in to it if you’re a bit of a math geek, but it’s not essential knowledge for successful option trading.I have an excel calculator that you can download below if you like. Just plug in the underlying price, the strike price, risk free rate, implied volatility level, dividend yield and time to expiry and you will get the value of the option as well as all the greek values.The 3 most important factors when calculating an options delta are the underlying price, the strike price and the time to expiry.An important concept to understand is that as expiration approaches, the delta of out-of-the-money options will rapidly approach zero.Less time to expiry, means less chance those out-of-the-money options will end up in the money. Therefore, they have a lower delta.This is illustrated in the image below:I won’t delve into too much detail on gamma in this article, but it’s important to know that delta and gamma are closely related.Gamma measures how much the delta will change given a $1 move in the underlying.If delta is the “speed” at which option prices change, you can think of gamma as the “acceleration.”You can learn more about gamma here.An option with a gamma of +0.05 will see its delta increase by 0.05 for every $1 move in the underlying.Option delta can change when implied volatility changes.Changes in implied volatility will affect out-of-the-money and in-the-money options more than the at-the-money options.If a stock is trading at $50 and has implied volatility of 15%, a 6 month $60 call option might have a delta of 0.07.Volatility is low, so traders are not expecting big moves in the stock.Now, assume implied volatility rises to 50%. Suddenly, traders ARE expecting a big move

2025-04-22

Add Comment