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AbstractEarly in the race to space in the 1950s, the U.S. Department of Defense found that tracking the position of satellites could be used to track fixed bodies on the surface of the Earth. No one realized that the NAVSTAR GPS satellite constellation program, that began its research and development in 1973 and launching its first four satellites in 1978, would change the very nature of our world in the next two decades. The system later to be known simply as the Global Positioning System (GPS) would not only provide complex navigation and timing capability to the military but, might very well, be the backbone to energize the faltering economy in 2001. A myriad of evolving GPS applications and complementary technologies may spawn new, much needed economic growth. Advances in integrated circuit technology and high-volume applications have helped to bring the price of GPS receivers down to $100–$500. The size of GPS receivers has now been considerably reduced. Prices and device sizes will continue to fall in the next decade while the applications for this technology will continue to blossom. It should be no surprise when this technology affects each of us, and, is used in every home and business in some form during this decade. Access this article Log in via an institution Subscribe and save Get 10 units per month Download Article/Chapter or eBook 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter Cancel anytime Subscribe now Buy Now Price excludes VAT (USA) Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. Instant access to the full article PDF. Similar content being viewed by others GNSS Overview Chapter © 2022 Explore related subjects Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects. REFERENCESBarth, M., and Farrell, J. A. (1999). The Global Positioning System & Inertial Navigation, McGraw-Hill, New York. Google Scholar Dana, P. H. (2001). Global Positioning System Overview. Available at M. (2001).GPSTime Series.Available at B., Lichtenegger, H., and Collins, J. (1997). Global Positioning System: Theory and Practice, Springer, New York. Google Scholar Huang, J. (2000). All About GPS: Sherlock Holmes' Guide to the Global Positioning System, Acme Services, USA. Google Scholar Kaplan, E. D. (1996). Understanding GPS: Principles and Applications, Artech House, Norwood, Massachusetts. Google Scholar NASA. (2001). GPS Applications Exchange. Available at http:// gpshome.ssc.nasa.gov/Red Sword Corporation. (2001). Introduction to GPS Applications. Available at G. (2001). The Global Positioning System: The Role of Atomic Clocks, National Academy of Science, Washington, DC. Google Scholar Trimble Navigation Limited. (2001). All About GPS. Available at referencesAuthor informationAuthors and AffiliationsDepartment of Engineering and Technology Management, University of St. Thomas, Mail #OSS101, 2115 Summit Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55105-1079Sameer Kumar & Kevin B. MooreAuthorsSameer KumarYou can also search for this author

Share: Published on:8 March 2023Table of ContentsWhat is Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)?History of Global Positioning System (GPS)The Primary Uses for Global Satellite Navigation System (GNSS)How Global Satellite Navigation System (GNSS) is Used to Attain Absolute PositionThe Basics of GNSS TrilaterationSatellites and OrbitsFrequencies and SignalsImproving Accuracy and PrecisionGlobal Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Limitations and Sources of ErrorGNSS Base Stations and Error Correction SolutionsMore on SBAS and PPPSBASPPPPPP and SBAS IntegrationWhat is Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)?GNSS stands for global navigation satellite system. A Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) consists of a constellation of satellites orbiting the Earth in very specific trajectories. For global coverage, it is estimated that a constellation requires 18 to 30 satellites. Navigation satellites provide orbit information and accurate timing (and other services) to radio receivers specifically designed to receive those satellite signals and decode the signal message contents. With the contents of the messages from at least four “visible” satellites, the position on or near most of the Earth’s surface can be calculated using a mathematical process known as trilateration.GNSS is often generically referred to as GPS (Global Positioning System) but that acronym actually refers specifically to the United States constellation. There are several GNSS constellations provided by governments around the world, including:BeiDou – ChinaGalileo – European UnionGLONASS – RussiaGPS (originally Navstar GPS)- United StatesIn addition, there are some other systems that are engineered to service specific regions only, rather than offering a global service. These are known as RNSS (regional navigation satellite systems) including:IRNSS – India (also known as NavIC)QZSS – JapanThere are several GNSS satellite constellations orbiting the Earth. Each providing data for positioning in various continental areasToday, most GNSS receivers can receive and decode signals simultaneously from more than just a single satellite constellation. This means that they can be used globally for immediate deployment and can provide wider use than receivers that are limited to a single GNSS constellation.History of Global Positioning System (GPS)The United States global positioning system (GPS), originally termed “Navstar GPS”, was the first operational satellite navigation system. Global positioning system (GPS) development commenced in the early 70s, with the first satellite launched in 1978. The original use was intended for military purposes as a location and positioning system, followed later by GPS being [partially] opened up to civilian and commercial use.A full 24-satellite constellation that offered global coverage became operational in 1993. Since this time, the use of

All new global positioning systems (GPS) come with installed maps. Typically these maps are minimal and don't include many points of interest or up-to-date routing information. Manufacturers offer updates for these maps on their individual company websites. There is other software available for varying formats, some specific and some open for all systems to use. The main issues in updating GPS maps are determining which system your unit uses, and choosing which update is right for you. Step 1 Determine which type of global positioning system you use. This can vary by manufacturer and the operating system installed on the GPS unit. Downloading maps for the wrong system will do nothing for your GPS maps. Also, make sure that your GPS has the capability to be connected to your computer, otherwise you will only be able to get your maps from a map disc or through the unit itself, and not for free. Step 2 Search for the software needed for your particular GPS. If you aren't sure which operating system is installed on your GPS, do an internet search for the manufacturer's website. For instance, if you have a Tom Tom GPS, searching for "Tom Tom maps" or "free Tom Tom maps" will result in many sites where updates can be found for free. Step 3 Connect your GPS unit to your computer. Step 4 Download the maps onto your computer. Then move them onto your GPS unit by saving the map to your computer, hooking your GPS unit through a USB port and clicking and dragging the map into the "Maps" or similar folder on the unit. You may also directly download the maps to your GPS unit by selecting the unit's "Maps" (or similar) folder as the destination when saving downloaded maps.